Declaration of Independence

Definition

The Declaration of Independence is a historic document adopted on July 4, 1776, declaring the thirteen American colonies' separation from British rule. It articulated the principles of individual liberty and government by consent, laying the foundation for the United States as an independent nation and influencing future civil rights movements.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Declaration was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia.
2. It includes a preamble that outlines the philosophical foundation of democracy, emphasizing equality and the right to revolt against unjust governance.
3. The Declaration listed grievances against King George III, illustrating the colonies' justification for seeking independence.
4. It was signed by 56 delegates, representing all thirteen colonies, and marked a pivotal moment in American history.
5. The principles articulated in the Declaration have been referenced in various movements throughout history, highlighting its lasting impact on democracy and human rights.

Review Questions

• What are the key philosophical ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence and how do they reflect Enlightenment thinking?
  • The Declaration of Independence expresses key philosophical ideas such as natural rights and government by consent, which are central to Enlightenment thought. These ideas emphasize that individuals possess inherent rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed. This reflects Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke, who influenced Jefferson's writing, asserting that individuals have the right to challenge oppressive governance.
• In what ways did the Declaration of Independence serve as a catalyst for future social movements in America?
  • The Declaration of Independence served as a catalyst for future social movements by providing a foundational document that articulated principles of equality and rights. Its emphasis on individual liberty inspired various movements, including abolitionism and women's suffrage, as activists sought to extend these ideals to marginalized groups. The declaration's assertion that all men are created equal has been invoked in numerous struggles for civil rights throughout American history.
• Evaluate the impact of the Declaration of Independence on both American society and global democratic movements since its adoption.
  • The impact of the Declaration of Independence extends beyond American society into global democratic movements. It established a model for declaring independence and asserting human rights that inspired revolutions worldwide, including those in France and Latin America. The ideals encapsulated within the Declaration have influenced countless movements advocating for democracy and human rights, emphasizing its role as a cornerstone in shaping modern concepts of freedom and self-governance across diverse cultures.

Related terms

Thomas Jefferson: The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, who articulated the Enlightenment ideas of natural rights and government responsibility.

Natural Rights: Philosophical concepts that argue individuals are inherently entitled to certain rights, including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, which are emphasized in the Declaration.

Civil Rights Movement: A social movement aiming to end racial discrimination and secure equal rights under the law, drawing inspiration from the ideals expressed in the Declaration.