Declaration of Independence

Definition

The Declaration of Independence is a historic document adopted on July 4, 1776, that proclaimed the thirteen American colonies' separation from British rule. This declaration emphasized the principles of natural rights and individual liberty, asserting that all men are created equal and have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It played a crucial role in shaping political thought and was a catalyst for various independence movements across the globe, including those in Latin America.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Declaration of Independence was primarily drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was influenced by Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke.
2. It formally listed grievances against King George III, justifying the colonies' decision to break away from British rule.
3. The phrase 'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness' became a foundational concept for American democracy and human rights.
4. Adoption of the Declaration marked a pivotal moment in history, inspiring other nations to seek self-determination and independence.
5. The document established a precedent for future declarations of independence around the world, emphasizing popular sovereignty.

Review Questions

• How does the Declaration of Independence reflect Enlightenment principles regarding natural rights and individual liberty?
  • The Declaration of Independence embodies Enlightenment principles by asserting that individuals possess inherent natural rights that cannot be taken away by government. The assertion that 'all men are created equal' highlights the belief in universal rights, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. These concepts were revolutionary at the time and laid the groundwork for future democratic ideals, emphasizing that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed.
• Evaluate the impact of the Declaration of Independence on political thought both in America and internationally.
  • The Declaration of Independence had a profound impact on political thought by promoting ideas about democracy, self-governance, and human rights. In America, it inspired movements advocating for equality and civil rights over subsequent centuries. Internationally, it served as a model for various independence movements and revolutions, such as those in France and Latin America, by articulating a vision where people have the right to overthrow oppressive governments.
• Assess how the ideals expressed in the Declaration of Independence influenced Latin American independence movements during the 19th century.
  • The ideals expressed in the Declaration of Independence significantly influenced Latin American independence movements by providing a framework for arguing against colonial rule. Leaders like Simón Bolívar were inspired by its assertions about natural rights and self-determination. The document's emphasis on liberty fueled revolutionary sentiments throughout Latin America as colonists sought to break free from European powers, leading to widespread uprisings and the eventual establishment of independent nations across the continent.

Related terms

Natural Rights: Fundamental rights inherent to all individuals, often considered to be life, liberty, and property, which the government cannot infringe upon.

Thomas Jefferson: The principal author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States, who articulated Enlightenment ideas in the document.

American Revolution: The conflict between the American colonies and Great Britain from 1775 to 1783, leading to the establishment of the United States as an independent nation.